Table 3

Country comparison of health entitlements for refugees and asylum seekers according to status


Australia
New Zealand
Canada
UK

Refugee
Medicare
NZ Health System coverage
Provincial Health Cover: Canada's Federal Health system (comprised of Federal and Provincial contributions) includes comprehensive health cover, including hospital, physician, surgical-dental and specialist cover.
NHS Coverage
Asylum Seeker in detention
Health care through the private company in charge of the detention centres a
N/A: Asylum Seekers rarely held in detention for longer than 48 hours b
No overarching coverage: individuals are assessed on a case-by-case basis b
National Health Service (NHS) Coverage. Coverage includes: primary & secondary care, free prescriptions, dental services, coverage of travel costs to/from hospital b
Asylum Seeker awaiting primary decision of refugee status
Depends on when visa applied for: If application submitted within 45 days of arrival, then individuals have access to Medicare but no translating services, Early Health Assessment and Intervention, and torture/trauma counselling,
If application submitted after 45 days of arrival, then no Medicare access
NZ Health System coverage. Coverage includes all services, such as: Primary & secondary care, co-payment of pharmaceuticals, specialist referral and coverage, cost offsets for 'frequent users' of medical services, hospital & accident cover, dental, mental, maternity and sexual health care.
Interim Federal Health (IFH) Program coverage. Coverage includes essential health services for the treatment & prevention of serious medical conditions, essential prescription medications, contraception, prenatal care, obstetrical care, Immigration Medical Exam, emergency dental service.
NHS coverage
Asylum Seeker appealing a negative Refugee Review Tribunal (or equivalent) outcome
No access to Medicare c
NZ Health System coverage NB: may take some time to receive Community Services Card, necessary for accessing a General Practitioner (GP)
IFH Program Coverage
NHS Coverage
Refused Asylum Seeker who has exhausted all appeals
No access to Medicare d
NZ Health System coverage NB: may take some time to receive Community Services Card, necessary for accessing a GP
IFH Program Coverage
Primary & urgent care only e

Sources: [14, 31-33, 36, 37, 49, 55-60]

a Detention is mandatory for all 'unauthorised arrivals'.

b Detention is not mandatory for 'unauthorised arrivals'.

c Under certain circumstances, these individuals may be eligible for ASAS. See: DIMIA, 2003.

d The majority of individuals in this circumstance will not have Medicare access. A small number of individuals living in the community on 'Removal Pending Bridging Visas' will, however, have access.

See: Table 2 for further explanation.

e Asylum Seekers who are deemed 'hard cases' maintain NHS coverage until a decision has been reached.

Correa-Velez et al. Australia and New Zealand Health Policy 2005 2:23   doi:10.1186/1743-8462-2-23